![]() Society impelled me to participate in the revolution. ![]() Originally I was a feudalist and an advocate of bour! At that time I believed in Kant’s dualism, especially in his idealism. This includes five years of normal school, two years of middle school, and also the time I spent in the library. I studied all the usual bourgeois stuff - natural science and social science. Later I went to a bourgeois school for seven years. At that time, I believed deeply in Confucius, and even wrote essays. I learned to recite them from memory, but I did not understand them. In the past I studied Confucius, and spent six years on the Four Books and the Five Classics. For my part I am a graduate of the university of the greenwoods, I learned a bit there. They argue about which university is better, Peking University or People’s University. To get some experience of class struggle - that’s what I call a university. If they go in the winter, they will not see the harvest, but at least they can still see the land and the people. ![]() Horses, cows, sheep, chickens, dogs, pigs, rice, sorghum, beans, wheat, varieties of millet they can have a look at all these things. If they go to the countryside for five months, or to the factories for five months, they will acquire some perceptual knowledge. Professors, assistant professors, administrative workers, and student should all of them go down, for a limited period of five months. All those studying the humanities - history, political economy, literature, law - must every one of them go. Students of natural science should not be moved now, though we can move them for a spell or two. University students should start going down this winter - I am referring to the humanities. Thus we came to engage in class struggle, to engage in philosophizing. Others wanted to kill me Chiang Kai-shek wanted to kill me. It is only when people took this as their starting-point that there was Marxism-Leninism, and that they discovered philosophy. The oppressors oppress the oppressed, while the oppressed need to fight back and seek a way out before they start looking for philosophy. Those who engage in philosophy believe that philosophy comes first. There is also proletarian economics, which has transformed classical economics. Whose philosophy? Bourgeois philosophy, or proletarian philosophy? Proletarian philosophy is Marxist philosophy. The study of philosophy can only come afterwards. It is only starting from this viewpoint that Marxism appeared. The English parliamentary inquiry recognized that the twelve-hour day was less favourable than the eight-hour day to the interests of the capitalists. At that time, there had already been many strikes. This won’t work, it is necessary to rely on the class struggle of the proletariat. Utopian socialists are always trying to persuade the bourgeoisie to be charitable. There is a struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. The foundation is social science, class struggle. How can philosophy come from books? The three basic constituents of Marxism are scientific socialism, philosophy, and political economy. The way they go about it in the universities at present is no good, going from book to book, from concept to concept. All they’ll do is catch a cold, and if they just put on a few extra suits of clothes it’ll be all right. Those whose health is not good should go too. They should go down this winter or next spring to participate in the class struggle. The comrades who study philosophy should go down to the countryside. It is a waste of time to discuss epistemology apart from practice. It is only when there is class struggle that there can be philosophy. Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung Talk On Questions Of Philosophy
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